Water flows out of a reservoir, through a penstock, and then through a turbine. Calculate the total head loss in units of meters. The mean velocity is 5.3 m/s. The friction factor is 0.02. The total penstock length is 30 m and the diameter is 0.3 m. There are three minor loss coefficients: 0.5 for the penstock entrance, 0.5 for the bends in the penstock, and 1.0 for the exit. Choose the closest answer (m):
(a) 1.2,
(b) 2.8,
(c) 3.8,
(d) 4.8,
(e) 5.7.